This paper expounds the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitution applied to patients with cervical spondylosis, in order to clarify the distribution characteristics of TCM constitution of patients with cervical spondylosis. And to analyze the correlation between TCM constitution theory and cervical spondylosis is helpful to provide ideas for integrated nursing care of TCM and modern medicine in patients with cervical spondylosis, and provide the basis for the construction of health management program and the evaluation of health promotion effect. 

Purpose: To assess the effect of simulation-based learning using virtual reality (VR) on knowledge, affective, and performance domain outcomes of learning in nursing students.

Methods: A literature search was conducted using Cochrane library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Springer and Ovid eight electronic English databases, independently by 2 of the authors from January 2008 to December 2018. The RevMan 5.3 program of the Cochrane library was used to analyze the data with mean and standard deviation .

Results: A total of 10 studies (5 randomized control trials (RCTs) and 5 non-RCTs) involved 630 nursing students. As a whole, simulation-based learning using VR appeared to have beneficial effects on the knowledge (I²=50%, 95% CI 0.35 [0.09, 0.62], P=0.009), have no significant difference on the performance (I²=97%, 95% CI 1.05 [-0.54, 2.63], P=0.19) and have a negative impact on the affective field (I²=0%, 95% CI -0.43 [-0.71,-0.15], P=0.003).

Conclusion: The existing evidences imply that simulation-based learning using VR might have a positive trend that is beneficial to knowledge and clinical skill acquisition. However, the best way of integration still needs further research to be identified.

Objective: To analyze the implementation status of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) nursing protocols for type 2 diabetes mellitus. 

Methods: Totally 420 hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were given TCM nursing protocols by syndrome differentiation. A quantitative and qualitative investigation was conducted to patients who received TCM nursing and nurses who performed TCM nursing techniques.

Results: According to the self-evaluation outcomes of patients, TCM nursing protocols were effective to relieve polydipsia, polyuria, fatigue and other symptoms. Patients exhibited a high level of compliance with nursing techniques such as auricular point pressing, acupoint massage, Chinese herbal foot-bath and moxibustion. The interview showed that patients could benefit from the TCM nursing protocols, and nurses considered that application of TCM nursing protocols could enhance their awareness of TCM knowledge and practice skills. 

Conclusion: The application of TCM nursing protocols is effective to relieve clinical symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It can also improve the knowledge level and practice skills of nurses in TCM hospitals.

Probiotics are a kind of living microorganisms added into food or drug，which are beneficial to our health. Probiotics can regulate the balance of microecosystem in intestine. Recently, people have paid more attention to the effect on the intestinal microecology. This article mainly made a review on the mechanism and application of probiotics.

Objective: To comprehensively evaluate the risk of recurrence after initial ischemic stroke, and to provide a relatively comprehensive reference for the prevention and control of stroke recurrence.

Methods: CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and other databases were collected to investigate the status of recurrence after initial ischemic stroke, the search period of which was from the establishment of databases to March 2019. And then quality evaluation and data extraction were carried out. The overall cumulative risks of stroke recurrence at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years and 5 years after initial ischemic stroke were calculated, and heterogeneity analysis was performed.

Results: A total of 29 studies from 19 provinces (cities, autonomous regions) in China were included. The cumulative total sample size was 22 484 cases, the cumulative recurrent sample size was 3 309 cases. The pooled cumulative risk was 4.5% (95% CI: 3.1-5.8) at 3 months, 7.8% (95% CI: 5.6-10.0) at 6 months, 13.6% (95% CI: 11.0-16.2) at 1 year, 17.5% (95% CI: 12.4-22.6) at 2 years and 30.9% (95% CI: 20.2-41.7) at 5 years after initial ischemic stroke.

Conclusions: The recurrence rate of acute ischemic stroke in China is high. It is recommended that all levels of medical and health departments strengthen the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke recurrence to reduce the recurrence of ischemic stroke and improve the prognosis of patients.

Objective: To explore and build traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) nursing inheritance on the talent training scheme, the foundation for cultivating outstanding talents of TCM nursing inheritance. 

Methods: The modified Delphi method was used for conducting two rounds of consultation with 15 TCM nursing experts to formulate training plan.

Results: The questionnaire recovery rates of two rounds of expert enquiry were 100.00%, with high experts enthusiasm, experts coefficients were 0.83 and 0.81, respectively. Kendall coordination coefficient were 0.26 and 0.30, respectively (P<0.01). After two rounds of expert consultation, the TCM nursing inheritance talent training scheme was finally formed, including 3 first-level indicators, 7 second-level indicators and 24 third-level indicators.

Conclusion: Construction of talent cultivating program of TCM nursing inheritance is scientific and feasible, with a certain reference value.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of stone needle therapy based on blood stasis theory for different traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome types of patients with knee osteoarthritis in early and middle stage.

Methods: Totally 36 patients with knee osteoarthritis were enrolled in the orthopaedic ward between March 2016 and December 2017, and diagnosed as qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome, cold dampness and stasis syndrome, or phlegm and stasis syndrome according to TCM syndrome differentiation. After treatment, stone needle was used for ironing on the different meridian acupoints according to different syndromes. The efficacy of patients with the above three syndromes was respectively evaluated, and the visual analogue scale (VAS) score and western ontario and mcMaster universities arthritis Index (WOMAC) score of the three groups were calculated before treatment, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks after treatment.

Results: The effective rates of the three groups were 86.67%, 81.82%, and 80.00%, respectively. After 2 weeks and 4 weeks of treatment, the VAS and WOMAC scores of the three groups decreased significantly compared to treatment before (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Stone needle therapy for ironing on the acupoints around the knee joint has a good therapeutic effect on knee osteoarthritis of different syndrome types, which is worthy of further application.

Objective  To systematically review the effectiveness of acupoint massage versus normal treatments for acute mastitis. Methods  Databases including CNKI, Wanfang database, VIP, Pubmed, Web of science and Cochrane were searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about acupoint massage versus normal treatments for acute mastitis from inception to October 2018. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3.3 software. 

Results  A total of 16 RCTs involving 2056 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, compared with normal treatments, acupoint massage could improve the efficiency of clinical treatment [RR = 1.18, 95% CI (1.13, 1.22), P< 0.00001], shorten onset time[MD=-1.69, 95% CI (-1.89, -1.41), P<0.00001], decrease the lump size [MD=-2.64, 95% CI (-4.46, -0.82), P=0.005], and decrease the score of symptoms and signs[MD=-3.88, 95% CI (-7.50, -0.27), P=0.04]. However, there was no significant difference in recurrence rate[RR=0.41, 95% CI (0.11, 1.57), P=0.19] and cure rate[RR=11.82, 95% CI (0.50, 282.04), P=0.13]. 

Conclusion  The current evidence shows that, compared with normal treatments, acupoint massage can improve the efficiency of clinical treatment, shorten the onset time, and decrease the lump size. Due to the limited quality of included studies, more high quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.

Gastric cancer is a common and highly malignant tumor of the digestive system, which seriously threatens human health. The benefit of surgical treatment is limited. The effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is not significant, and the toxic and side effects are large. Although the diagnosis and treatment modes of molecular targeting and multidisciplinary cooperation have also been further developed and applied, a relatively unified comprehensive treatment standard scheme has not been formed. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), as complementary and alternative medicine, has unique advantages in the development of diagnosis and treatment of diseases in China. Therefore, the Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine formed “Expert Consensus for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine” on the basis of clinical practice and experience. In this article, the consensus is interpreted from the perspective of nursing, focusing on the pathogenesis, high-risk factors, characteristic therapies of TCM, and nursing of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine for gastric cancer, to provide a reference for front-line medical personnel in the roots in the future nursing care of gastric cancer.

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the effect of Vitamin D and Vitamin E supplementations, alone, and in combination, on reducing the intensity and duration of dysmenorrhea in women who were referred to the Kowsar gynecological clinics of Shahid Motahari Hospital of Urmia University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and Methods: A double-blinded clinical trial was conducted on 112 women with dysmenorrhea who were randomly allocated into the four study groups. Finally, 100 women complete the study and received capsules containing a placebo (n = 25), 1000 IU of Vitamin D (n = 25), 400 mg of Vitamin E (n = 25), and 1000 IU of Vitamin D + 400 mg of Vitamin E (n = 25) every 24 h for 2 consecutive months at the beginning of the menstrual period. The pain intensity and duration among groups were compared before and after the intervention.
Results: The mean menstrual pain duration in all three experimental groups (Vitamin E, Vitamin D, and the combination of them) was lower than the placebo group (all P < 0.05), and the mean pain intensity scores in all three experimental groups were significantly lower than the placebo group (all P < 0.05). The results (means) for all of the drugs administered at the end of the 2^nd month were better than the 1^st month (all P < 0.01).
Conclusions: Vitamin E and Vitamin D, as well as their combination, are recommended as an effective and safe treatment for the management of the complications of dysmenorrhea.

Background: Clinical practice guidelines refer to the guidance provided by the expert system to help medical staff and patients decide on appropriate treatments for a specific clinical situation, mainly including guidelines based on expert consensus and evidence-based guidelines. Since there is no research and clinical application of a specific stoma guidance in China. It is of great significance to understand the application status of the recommended guidelines and the influencing factors in promoting the development of stoma care.

Purpose: To investigate the application status of recommended clinical practice guidelines for stoma nursing in China, and to analyse the reasons for the knowledge and application of recommendations.

Methods: The Questionnaire on the Application of Recommendations in Clinical Practice Guidelines for Ostomy Nursing was adopted.

Results: We collected 195 questionnaires and 183 valid questionnaires were available. ①The average knowledge rate of a total of 31 recommendations was 73.65%. The main reasons for unknown were insufficient dissemination and lack of training. ②The average application rate of the 31 recommendations was 58.08%. The overall satisfaction rate of people who used them was high. The main reasons for not applying recommendations were complex.

Conclusions: Different levels of recommendations awareness and application are different. There is a lack of evidence-based guidelines for clinical practice in ostomy nursing in the field of stoma care in China, which limits the scientific development of stoma care to a certain extent. However, this study provides reference for the future construction of a guidebook adapted to our country's localization.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of acupoint massage in improving cognitive function, in order to provide a relatively comprehensive reference for dementia prevention and control.

Methods: Clinical trial studies on the improvement of cognitive function by acupoint massage were systematically collected from multiple Chinese and foreign databases, consisting of CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and CINAHL. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data, evaluated the quality of the included articles and cross-checked, and then carried out a meta-analysis with the RevMan 5 software.

Results: A total of 10 studies were included, and the cumulative total sample size was 818. The results of meta-analysis showed that the improvement of cognitive function in acupoint massage group was significantly better than that in control group. Compared with the control group, acupoint massage significantly increased the total score of mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scale for the elderly [SMD=0.80, 95% CI (0.53, 1.07), P<0.0001]), and significantly improved the picture memory ability [SMD=-3.69, 95% CI (-5.08, 2.30), P<0.0001], associative memory ability [SMD=0.24, 95% CI (-0.73, 1.20), P<0.0001]), understanding and memory ability [SMD=1.33, 95% CI (0.58, 2.09), P<0.0001]), instantaneous memory ability [SMD=1.70, 95% CI (0.77, 2.62), P<0.01]) of the elderly.

Conclusion: Acupoint massage can improve the cognitive function of the elderly and reduce the risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) in the elderly. More large samples, multicenter and high quality randomized controlled trials are needed to verify the intervention effect of acupoint massage on cognitive impairment.

Background: Evidence-based interventions (EBIs) are frequently adapted or modified during the implementation process to meet the needs of the target context, public health professionals, or health practitioners. However, little is known about how the EBIs of the same clinical problem at a different time (sustainability) and a different setting (scalability) should be adapted to facilitate implementation. To address this gap, this research aims to analyze the adaptations process of EBIs by taking post-stroke dysphagia screening as an example based on a series of empirical studies.

Methods: We reviewed three best practice implementation projects of post-stroke dysphagia identification and management in mainland China, and conducted a comparative analysis of three projects of dysphagia screening practical decision-making according to core elements of evidence-based nursing (EBN).

Results: We identified the core elements of EBN that influence decision-making in each best practice implementation project. The decision-making of screening time and tool for dysphagia in the three projects varied. Project 1: Post-stroke dysphagia was screened using Water Swallow Test (WST) before the first intake of liquid or food. Project 2: A sustainability study based on project 1, post-stroke dysphagia was screened using Standardized Swallowing Assessment (SSA) before the first intake of liquid or food, within 24 hours of admission. Project 3: A community scalability study based on project 2, post-stroke dysphagia was screened using Water Swallow Test (WST) before the first intake of liquid or food, within 24 hours after referral.

Conclusions: Adaption of EBIs needs to fully consider the best available external evidence from systematic research, clinical expertise, patient preferences, as well as context.

Objective: The objective of the present study is to explore the effects of personality traits on job burnout among hospital nurses.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional research was done during 2019–2020 at Kashan Shahid Beheshti Hospital. The data analysis procedures included descriptive statistics and the partial least squares-based structural equation modeling. The participants were 150 nursing professionals. A questionnaire indicating information on demographics, burnout (measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory with three dimensions of depersonalization, emotional exhaustion, and personal accomplishment), and personality profile (measured employing the neuroticism extraversion openness five-factor inventory including extroversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, and openness to experience dimensions) was used to gather the required data.
Results: The results of the study showed that the validity and reliability of the measurement model were desirable (factor load higher than 0.5, the Cronbach's alpha value and the composite reliability are >0.7). Structural model showed statistically drastic, negative relationship between the nurses' burnout levels and neuroticism (β = ?0.722) and openness to experience (β = ?0.437). However, the relationship was significantly positive between the nurses' burnout levels and conscientiousness (β = 0.672), agreement (β = 0.594), and extraversion (β = 0.559) (P < 0.03).
Conclusions: The present study helped the recognition of burnout among nurses working in hospitals and approved the effects of personality features on the burnout experience.

With the development of modern bio-psycho-social medical model and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitution theory, we gradually realize that the exploration of the constitution characteristics of insomnia is of great significance for the reveal of the origin of insomnia and the innovation of its treatment and nursing methods. This paper focused on the analysis of the investigation of TCM constitution classification of insomnia and the application of TCM constitution theory in the treatment and nursing of insomnia. Moreover, the research prospect of insomnia in TCM constitution was discussed. The purpose is to provide theoretical basis for the treatment and nursing of patients with insomnia based on analysis of constitution differentiation in the future, and to better serve the clinic.

Objective: To observe the curative effect of mini-needle therapy combined with traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) five elements music in relieving insomnia caused by qi stagnation of liver in patients with advanced cancer.

Method: According to the principle of randomization, with meeting the inclusion criteria, the 60 patients who were diagnosed as insomnia caused by liver qi stagnation were randomly divided into the control group and the intervention group. The intervention group (30 individuals treated with mini-needle therapy combined with TCM five elements music), the control group (30 individuals who were treated with single mini-needle therapy), the body buried needle 24 hours/time, 5 times for a course of treatment, interval of 2 days between 2 courses, a total of 8 needles embedded.  Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) scores of 2 groups were analyzed using SPSS 19.0 statistical software.

Results: The total effective rate was 86.1% in the intervention group, and 75.9% in the control group, the difference was statistically significant between 2 groups (P<0.05). The comparison of the PSQI score between the 2 groups pro-post treatment showed that there were statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The reduction rate of PSQI in the intervention group was 31.7%, indicating that 31.7% was effective, while 23.1% in the control group was ineffective. 

Conclusion: The mini-needle therapy combined with TCM five elements music could relieve insomnia caused by qi stagnation of liver in patients with advanced cancer. 

Objective: To investigate the effect of out-of-hospital extended nursing on the compliance behaviors and therapeutic effect of brace treatment of patients with idiopathic scoliosis. 

Methods: 54 patients with idiopathic scoliosis between February 2015 and December 2017 were randomly divided into control group and observation group. Patients in the control group received pelvic suspension traction, gymnastic exercises, and brace wear at discharge, on the basis of which patients in the observation group were added with extended care outside the hospital. The compliance behaviors and the changes of scoliosis angle (Cobb angle) of patients in the 2 groups were evaluated. 

Results: Compared with the control group, patients in the observation group had better compliance behaviors in completion status of functional exercise (χ²= 5.594, P= 0.018), brace wear (χ²= 6.171, P= 0.013), subsequent visit on time (χ²= 9.247, P= 0.002). Cobb angle was improved significantly in both groups at the last follow-up compared with that on admission, and the improvement was more significantly in the observation group (P<0.001).  

Conclusion: Through the implementation of out-of-hospital extended nursing, the compliance behaviors and clinical effect of brace treatment for idiopathic scoliosis patients are obviously improved, and this active nursing model is worth popularizing in clinic.

Objective: To explore the therapeutic effect of five-element music therapy based on syndrome differentiation plus head and face massage in relieving insomnia of patients with heart and spleen deficiency.  

Methods: Sixty patients with heart and spleen deficiency were divided into control group and test group, 30 cases each. The control group received routine treatment and nursing. The experimental group was given five-element music therapy plus head and face massage on the basis of the control group, once a day, 15 minutes/time, 5 times/week, and continuous observation for 4 weeks. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality before and after intervention.

Results: After 30 days, the total effective rate of the experimental group was 86.67%, which was higher than the total effective rate of 76.67% in control group (P<0.05). There were significant differences in the time of sleep, sleep quality, sleep efficiency and PSQI score between the two groups (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Five-tone therapy based on syndrome differentiation combined with head and face massage can effectively improve the sleep quality of patients with heart and spleen deficiency, prolong sleep time, with no adverse reactions, so it is worthy of clinical application.

Objective: To explore the relationship between treatment compliance, treatment attitude and belief, and quality of life in patients with hypertension in the community, and to provide evidence for improving their quality of life.

Methods: A convenient sampling method was used to survey 250 patients with hypertension who met the inclusion criteria using the General Questionnaire, Treatment compliance, Treatment Attitudes and Beliefs, and Quality of Life Scale.

Results: The total score of treatment compliance of hypertension patients in the community was (91.678±11.431), treatment attitude and belief score (70.407±9.008), quality of life score (113.599±13.511), Pearson correlation analysis showed that the treatment compliance of hypertension patients was positively correlated with quality of life (r=0.433, P<0.01), and treatment attitude and belief were positively correlated with quality of life (r=0.463, P<0.01).

Conclusion: The quality of life of patients with hypertension in the community is related to treatment compliance and treatment attitudes and beliefs.

Objective: Preventive measures and appropriate rehabilitation are important in reducing the social burden of blindness. This study was to evaluate the etiologies, proportions, and level of rehabilitation for patients with blindness.

Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study with 1000 visually impaired patients was conducted. The data regarding age, gender, socioeconomic status (SES), etiologies, curable or incurable blindness (IB), treatments, awareness, and state of rehabilitation were collected and reviewed.

Results: The ratio of curable to IB was 0.82:1. The proportion of blindness rises after 40, even while the proportion of curable blindness (CB) increases after 60. The male–female ratios were 1.25:1 and 1:1.66 in the cases of CB and IB, respectively. On the other hand, the male–female ratio for childhood blindness was 1.66:1. Cataracts (78.22%) were the most common cause of CB, whereas diabetic retinopathy (24%), corneal opacity (17.5%), and trauma (12.4%) were causes of IB. Patients with illiteracy, low SES, and female gender were more likely to develop IB. There were low enrollment rates at the blind school and poor rehabilitation, mainly because of a lack of knowledge.

Conclusion: Diabetic retinopathy, corneal opacity, and trauma are the major causes of IB. IB and poor rehabilitation were more profound in women and were associated with illiteracy, low SES, and a lack of awareness.

Objective: To analyze the investigation results of mental health Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) of nursing interns (hereinafter referred to as nursing students) in a hospital in Gansu Province, to comprehensively and objectively understand the mental health status of nursing students, in order to provide the basis of maintaining and improving the mental health level of nursing students.

Methods: Totally 121 nursing interns were surveyed using SCL-90, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS19.0.

Results: The mental health status of nursing students in a hospital in Gansu Province is higher than that of normal adults in China. The scores of the six factors (somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, depression, anxiety, horror, and psychosis) are higher (P<0.01). Compared with the group norm, the four factors of somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, terror, and anxiety are higher (P<0.01), but they are better than the mental health status of college students in China (except for somatic symptoms) (P<0.01).

Conclusion: The mental health status of nursing students is poor and needs attention. Interventions can be taken to alleviate psychological problems of nursing students, thoroughly improve their anxiety and depression, and thus improve their health.

Objective: To explore the effect of "Jianpi Tongwei Prescription" acupoint application combined with moxibustion in the treatment of gastric retention in elderly patients with nasal feeding. 

Method: 60 cases elderly patients with nasogastric gastric retention in our hospital were selected as the research object from March 1, 2019 to on October 31, 2019, and were randomly divided into treatment group and control group. Patients in the control group received the nasal feeding of domperidone, 10 mg/time, 3 times/d, for 21 days or until gastric retention <100 mL. On the basis of the control group, patients in the treatment group was treated with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) characteristic nursing "Jianpi Tongwei Prescription" acupoint application combined with moxibustion on Zusanli.

Results: The effective rate of Jianpi Tongwei Prescription combined with moxibustion in the treatment of gastric retention in elderly patients with nasal feeding was higher than that of conventional treatment (51.2% vs. 23.3%, P<0.05), and the rate of gastrointestinal reaction in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05), moderate and severe gastrointestinal reactions were significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: "Jianpi Tongwei Prescription" acupoint application combined with moxibustion is effective in the treatment of early clinical symptoms of gastric retention in elderly patients with nasal feeding, no adverse reactions, worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the examination anxiety level of students of Nursing and Midwifery College, Agogo, and Presbyterian University College and to evaluate the factors affecting them. 

Materials and Methods: A total of 160 undergraduate nursing students comprising 80 degree and 80 diploma students were conveniently sampled for the study. The study was conducted in September 2019 using a descriptive cross-sectional design. The Westside Test Anxiety Scale was used to measure examination anxiety among the participants. A researcher-designed questionnaire in which participants responded to a three-point Likert scale was used to assess factors influencing examination anxiety.

Results: The findings of the study showed that test anxiety was higher among the diploma candidates (M = 3.60) than the degree candidates (M = 2.95) and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.024). Demographic characteristics such as age (P = 0.009), sex (P = 0.003), study hours per day (P = 0.001) were found to be significantly associated with test anxiety. The factors found to influence examination anxiety among students were volume of materials to study (P = 0.044), level of preparation (P = 0.005) perceived difficulty of the questions (P = 0.033) and myth about examinations (P = 0.000). The perceived importance of the examination (P = 0.057) and schedule of the exams (P = 0.68) did not influence examination anxiety.

The global burden of chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) kept increasing, and it is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity rate in most African countries. The burden of CKD is felt more in developing countries where there is no adequate social security system or health insurance to meet the huge financial demands the disease places on its sufferers and their families. It is also noted that this disease affects the economically productive age group unlike in developed countries where the elderly are more affected. The prevalence of CKD was found to be highly related to age, gender, hypertension, obesity, history of diabetes mellitus, use of herbal medicines, and prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in Nigeria. The majority of CKD cases were not clinically recognized promptly, mainly because of the lack of patients’ awareness about CKD and associated risk factors. Therefore, health awareness should be intensified by the nurses on lifestyle modification by individuals at risk of CKD, prompt management, good compliance with prescribed medications, avoidance of self-medication, and indiscriminate use of over-the-counter drugs. In addition to that, nurses also need to advocate for regular population screening, and efforts should be made at all levels of care to reduce the negative impact of the disease and complications on the patients.

Objective: To explore the application of health education in the nursing care of patients with metrorrhagia and metrostaxis after hysteroscopic electrotomy and the effect on the occurrence of disease complications.

Methods: Totally 70 patients admitted from March 2018 to March 2019 were randomly divided into two groups. The control group was given routine nursing, while the observation group was given comprehensive health education combined with routine nursing. The unhealthy emotions (anxiety and depression) of patients were assessed using Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). The incidence of complications, and surgical related matters were recorded and compared between two groups after nursing interventions.

Results: A lower HAMD score, A lower HAMA score, a shorter hospitalization time, a shorter operation time and a less intraoperative bleeding volume, a lower incidence rate of complications (massive bleeding and uterine perforation), and a higher degree of patients’ cooperation in surgery were shown in observation group compared with control group after nursing intervention (P all <0.05).

Conclusion: The application of health education in the nursing of metrorrhagia and metrostaxis patients can relieve the patients’ anxiety and depression, improve their understanding and mastery of relevant disease knowledge and their ability to cope with bleeding and their self-health care, as well as reduce the incidence of complications and the length of hospital stay and promote the rehabilitation of patients. Therefore, it is worthy of clinical application.

Objective: To observe the effect of auricular point pressing combined with nursing bsed on syndrome differentiation in the treatment of insomnia patients.

Methods: Totally 92 patients with insomnia were randomly divided into the observation group given auricular point pressing combined with nursing care based on syndrome differentiation and the control group treated with auricular point pressing alone. The improvement of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), TCM Syndrome Score and nursing satisfaction were compared between the 2 groups.

Results The time effect of PSQI total score and six factors in both groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). The time effect, interaction effect and inter-group effect of subjective sleep quality, PSQI total score were statistically significant (P<0.05); the four inter-group factors of sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration and daytime function were statistically significant (P<0.05). The total score of TCM syndromes in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), and the satisfaction rate in the observation group higher than that in the control group (80.43% vs. 60.86%, P<0.05).

Conclusion  Auricular point pressing combined with nursing based on syndrome differentiation can effectively improve the sleep quality of insomnia patients, and has significant advantages in improving TCM syndromes, as well as gained higher nursing satisfaction from patients.

Background: Self-medication among student nurses is the use of medicines without doctor’s prescription. This practice is a global phenomenon and potential contributor to human resistance to most drugs, associated with different types of health challenges. Despite the high knowledge on the complication of self-medication, studies showed that most student nurses still practice selfmedication.

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the reasons for increase in selfmedication and and find ways on how to curbing the menace among student nurses in the School of Nursing, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Edo State, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods: A descriptive crosssectional survey was conducted with stratified simple random sampling technique to select ninety student nurses from three different levels in the School of Nursing, University of Benin Teaching Hospital in Benin City, Edo State. A selfstructured questionnaire with opentype and Likerttype scale questions used as instrument to assess the reasons for increase in selfmedication and the possible control measures. Data collected were analyzed using tables, percentages, means, standard deviation, and t-test for inferential statistics at 0.05 level of significance, through Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software.

Results: The result showed the reasons for increase in selfmedication and how to reduce its occurrence. It also showed that the gender of the student nurses is statistically related to the reasons why they practice selfmedication (t = 6.82, P ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion: Selfmedication can be reduced among student nurses by empowering the law enforcement agencies against selfmedication, improving the availability of essential and quality drugs in school clinics, and inclusion of all student nurses in National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) program, where they can enjoy the benefit of paying only 10% of the treatment charges.

Results: The incidence of solution spillage in the experiment group was lower than that in the control group (0 vs. 6.67%, P < 0.05). The exhausting time of the experiment group was shorter than that of the control group ([15.12 ± 4.43] s vs. [22.74 ± 6.53] s, P < 0.05). 

Conclusion: Implementing the in-vial exhaust method in the vaccine injection can effectively reduce the incidence of solution spillage, reduce nucleic acid contamination, and ensure that the vaccine is injected at the prescribed dose. Moreover, the operation is simple and easy, which improves the nurse’s vaccination efficiency, and has a higher promotion and application value.

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the current status of comfort with touch among nursing staff in the rehabilitation department and analyze its influencing factors. 

Materials and Methods: The convenience sampling method was used to select 131 nursing staff in the rehabilitation department of 3A-level hospitals in Yunnan Province, China, from March to June 2020 to conduct a questionnaire survey.

Results: The nurses’ comfort with touch score of 131 clinical nurses in the rehabilitation department was 58.82 ± 4.85. Multivariate regression analysis showed that compassion fatigue (t = -2.968, P < 0.01) and occupational social support (t = 2.767, P < 0.01) were the influencing factors of the physical comfort of nursing staff; average monthly income (t = -2.160, P < 0.05), occupational cognitive evaluation (t = 4.924, P < 0.01), and secondary traumatic stress (t = 2.833, P < 0.01) were the influencing factors of task-oriented contact among nursing staff; marital status (t = 2.656, P < 0.01) and occupational social support (t = 2.078, P < 0.05) were the influencing factors for private nursing comfort of nurses. 

Conclusion: The comfort with touch among nurses in the rehabilitation department is at a medium level. Nursing managers should pay attention to their comfort with touch. In order to promote the development of medical service, hospitals should constantly improve the security and social support of nursing practitioners from the aspects of system, management, and salary performance.

As one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, colorectal cancer (CRC) is accompanied by a variety of symptoms in the process of disease development and treatment, which seriously affect the functional state and quality of life of patients. In China, comprehensive intervention measures of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) play an indispensable role in the treatment and rehabilitation of CRC. In order to further standardize and improve the treatment and management of CRC by medical staff, the Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine issued the “Expert Consensus for Diagnosis and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine” in August 2021. This paper interprets this consensus in detail from the perspective of nursing, focusing on the common understanding of the pathogenesis of CRC, TCM diagnosis and syndrome differentiation, integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine nursing, TCM characteristic therapies, etc., with a view to deepening the understanding and practical application of the consensus among clinical doctors and nurses and improving the level of diagnosis, treatment, and nursing of CRC.

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence, and determinants, of nonpharmacological pain management practices among nurses in multiple settings.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional examination was conducted involving 324 nurses from 16 hospitals in Hai’l, Saudi Arabia. Participants completed a self?reported survey utilizing established tools to assess the frequency of nonpharmacological pain management interventions utilization and identify associated barriers. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 29.0.

Results: Nonpharmacological pain management practices were found to be utilized “sometimes,” with a score of 2.89 ± 0.48. Commonly employed techniques included placing patients in comfortable positions and providing a tranquil environment. Gender was the sole demographic factor significantly affecting the use of these techniques (P < 0.001), with female nurses demonstrating higher utilization. Barriers to implementation varied based on the hours of recent pain management education (P = 0.004), with prevalent barriers including nurse shortages, multiple responsibilities, heavy workloads, and nurse fatigue.

Conclusion: The study reveals moderate utilization of nonpharmacological pain management approaches, primarily focusing on patient positioning and creating a calm environment. Female nurses exhibited higher adoption rates of these techniques. Barriers to implementation, such as nurse shortages and heavy workloads, were influenced by recent pain management education. Consequently, enhancing education and fostering supportive work environments are crucial for surmounting these barriers and promoting pain management awareness among nurses.

In recent years, due to frequent occurrence of public health emergencies, outbreaks of major infectious diseases represented by COVID-19 have brought great harm to the lives and health of people. General hospitals are indispensable in disease prevention and control. The study analyzed a comprehensive evaluation method of epidemic prewarning and treatment for COVID?19 in general hospitals through literature review and provided a reference for constructing urban public health prewarning and treatment system.

Objective: To understand the evidence-based practice readiness of developing evidence application projects in a 3A-level general hospital in Beijing, to identify barriers to evidence-based practice and to promote the successful application of evidence.

Methods: All the clinical nurses who are going to participate in the application units of the evidence-based practice project are selected as the survey objects, and the self-made “Basic Information Questionnaire” and “Clinical Readiness to Evidence-based Nursing Assessment (CREBNA)” are used to conduct the survey. The total amounts and subscales are calculated. The factors that influence the score of the total scale were scored and analyzed.

Results: The CREBNA total score was (119.87±19.18), the evidence subscale score was (47.94±8.54), the organizational environmental subscale score was (36.09±6.11), and the facilitator subscale score was (35.83±7.56). Univariate analysis showed that the total score of the scale was related to years of work, scientific research experience, knowledge of evidence-based care, and participation in evidence-based practice.

Conclusion: The current evidence-based practice preparation situation is good. It is feasible to carry out evidence-based practice activities in the hospital. The follow-up development plan should be made based on the corresponding obstacle factors.

Objective: The objective of this study is to establish a nursing standard of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine for patients with COVID-19 (mild and common) in Beijing, to provide reference for clinical nursing of patients with COVID-19 (mild and common).

Methods: Through online communication meeting with nurses who are in the frontline of anti-epidemic, clinical investigation, literature research, and expert demonstration meeting are carried out to prepare the draft of the standard, and the Delphi method is applied to determine the standard of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine care for patients with COVID-19 (mild and common) in Beijing.

Results: The nursing standard of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine for patients with COVID-19 (mild and common) was established, which included 5 first-level indicators, 14 second-level indicators and 60 third-level indicators. After two rounds of Delphi method, the positive coefficients of experts were 96% and 83%, the authoritative coefficients of experts were 0.89 and 0.91, and the Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (W) of experts were 0.12, 0.09, 0.10, 0.13 (P < 0.05) and 0.44, 0.43, 0.37, 0.39 (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: The standard of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine nursing for patients with COVID-19 (mild and common) in Beijing constructed by the Delphi method is scientific and practical, which provides a reference for clinical application of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine nursing to fight against COVID-19 infection.

Objective: The objective is to understand the current situation of clinical practice training for nursing master’s degree postgraduates, and discuss the necessity of implementing the “dual specialty” training mode for nursing master’s degree postgraduates in China.

Methods: Phenomenological research method was used to conduct semi-structured in-depth interviews with 10 nursing master’s degree graduates, and the data were analyzed by Colaizzi 7-step analysis method.

Results: Four topics were extracted: The objective of clinical practice training for nursing master degree postgraduates was not specific; the cultivation direction is not refined; the ability of clinical practice is weak; the research direction is not consistent with the required position.

Conclusion: Implementing special double training mode can solve nursing professional master degree postgraduate education lacking the ability to service the needs of society, graduate students and the existing problems of specialist nurse training and the cultivation of “heavy science, light clinical practice” status quo and the effective way of guiding graduate students career planning, so the implementation of special “double” training mode is necessary.

Conclusion: The mobile app based on TCM theory can effectively improve diabetes-related symptoms in patients with T2DM and help control their blood glucose as well as enhance their self-management ability.