The global burden of chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) kept increasing, and it is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity rate in most African countries. The burden of CKD is felt more in developing countries where there is no adequate social security system or health insurance to meet the huge financial demands the disease places on its sufferers and their families. It is also noted that this disease affects the economically productive age group unlike in developed countries where the elderly are more affected. The prevalence of CKD was found to be highly related to age, gender, hypertension, obesity, history of diabetes mellitus, use of herbal medicines, and prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in Nigeria. The majority of CKD cases were not clinically recognized promptly, mainly because of the lack of patients’ awareness about CKD and associated risk factors. Therefore, health awareness should be intensified by the nurses on lifestyle modification by individuals at risk of CKD, prompt management, good compliance with prescribed medications, avoidance of self-medication, and indiscriminate use of over-the-counter drugs. In addition to that, nurses also need to advocate for regular population screening, and efforts should be made at all levels of care to reduce the negative impact of the disease and complications on the patients.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the demoralization level of dialysis patients in China and analyze the influencing factors.
Materials and Methods: A convenience sample of 278 dialysis patients from a tertiary hospital participated in a cross-sectional descriptive study using a structured questionnaire including assessments of demographic data, Demoralization Scale-II (DS-II), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The main analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression.
Results: The mean standard deviation DS-II score was 11.87 (7.72). Dialysis patients had a high level of demoralization. Findings from multiple linear regression indicated that demoralization was positively correlated with marital status (β = 0.141; P = 0.001), employment status (β = 0.113; P = 0.006), anxiety (β = 0.393; P < 0.001), and depression (β = 0.224; P < 0.001). These variables explained 57.1% of the variance in patient demoralization.
Conclusions: Demoralization is common in dialysis patients and is associated with marital status, employment status, anxiety, and depression. Health-care providers might regularly assess demoralization in dialysis patients, and develop related interventions to improve the quality of life.

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the application effect of five elements music therapy introduced in the pain coping skills training of knee osteoarthritis (KOA).
Materials and Methods: Totally, 80 patients with KOA were selected and randomly divided into the experimental group (39 cases) and the control group (41 cases). The control group was only given routine nursing measures, and the experimental group was additionally treated with five-element music therapy on the basis of the control group, twice a day, 28 days in total. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) was used to evaluate the functional status of the knee joint of the two groups. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated by Guiding Principles for Clinical Research of New Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis.
Results: WOMAC score statistically significantly decreased in the experimental group (35.92 ± 9.48 vs. 16.17 ± 5.43, P < 0.01) and the control group (36.73 ± 6.42 vs. 22.53 ± 7.51, P < 0.01) after 28 days of intervention when compared with that before intervention; WOMAC score in the experimental group was lower than that of the control group after 28 days of intervention (16.17 ± 5.43 vs. 22.53 ± 7.51, P < 0.01). The total effective rate of the experimental group was statistically higher than that of the control group (82.0% vs. 51.2%, χ² = 11.97, P= 0.003).
Conclusion: The combination of five-element music therapy and routine nursing measures has better effect in relieving pain and bad emotions of patients with KOA when compared with routine nursing measures alone.

Objective: The objective of this study is to understand the status quo of function motivation and professional identity among nursing volunteers and explore the correlation between the two.
Materials and Methods: A total of 3375 nursing volunteers from Nightingale Volunteer Service Group in Shanxi Province were investigated by using Occupational Identity Scale and Volunteer Functional Motivation Scale.
Results: A total of 3375 questionnaires were issued and 3330 were recovered, among which 3324 were valid, with an effective recovery rate of 99.82% (3324/3330). The overall score of professional identity of nurses was 110.31 ± 18.71, and the score of each dimension was 32.17 ± 6.62 for professional cognitive evaluation dimension, 22.77 ± 3.74 for professional social support, 21.31 ± 4.09 for professional social skills, 22.78 ± 3.79 for professional frustration coping, and 11.32 ± 2.03 for professional self-reflection. The total score of function motivation was 157.12 ± 29.92. The above five dimensions of nurse's professional identity scale were positively correlated with the total score of function motivation of nursing volunteers (r = 0.044, 0.035, 0.034, 0.035, and 0.042, respectively, all P < 0.05).
Conclusion: The functional motivation and professional identity of nursing volunteers in Shanxi Province are in the middle level in China. Therefore, it is necessary for the hospital to stimulate nursing staff's enthusiasm about participation by carrying out multi-channel and multi-form volunteer service projects, enhance their professional identity, and make them better give back nursing professional skills to the society.

Background: Diabetes-related cataract extraction is a minor surgery required to regain full vision. One of the recognized factors that can delay or prevent full-vision recovery is poor management, and most of this management is being carried out by patients themselves.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge of diabetes patients on self-management after cataract extraction in two tertiary hospitals in Osun State.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was conducted among 97 diabetes patients who underwent cataract extraction and were attending clinics and follow-up visits in Osun State. A self-structured questionnaire was used for data collection.
Results: Moderate knowledge was found among the participants on an appropriate diet (56.7%), prevention of injury risk (57.5%), prevention of infection risk (50.9%), and low knowledge on the technique of administration of eye drop (60.8%) after cataract extraction, whereas 74.7% of the total respondents were knowledgeable on the indication for follow-up visit after cataract extraction, these results were found to be below the expected knowledge level.
Conclusion: An intensive and comprehensive educational initiative by nurses should be tailored to meet the specific needs of diabetes patients with cataract surgery. Nurses also need to implement the use of checklist which will enhance learning and improve patient understanding of self-management after cataract extraction.

Background: Malaria remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children under 5 years old in many low- and middle-income countries. According to the Ghana National Malaria Control Program, malaria kills at least three children every day and also tops the outpatient department cases in Ghana.
Objective: The present study sought to determine the knowledge of malaria among caregivers of children under 5 years at Kenyasi Health Center, Ghana.
Materials and Methods: The study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. One hundred and three caregivers with children under 5 years old were recruited using the systematic random sampling technique, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire.
Results: The findings revealed that majority (98%) of the respondents knew at least one cause of malaria. Furthermore, all respondents knew at least one complication of malaria and majority (97%) knew at least one preventive measure of malaria.
Conclusion: Caregivers of children have adequate knowledge about malaria and its mode of transmission. Further education on the implementation of the preventive methods is still needed to help reduce the incidence of malaria among children.